Abstract:
ABSTRACT
With major advantages for crop yield, soil health, and environmental sustainability, biofertilizers have become a viable substitute for chemical fertilizers in Indian agriculture. Living microorganisms, or biofertilizers, improve nutrient availability and stimulate plant development by means of organic processes including phosphorus solubilization, nitrogen fixation, and the synthesis of growth-promoting compounds. This study examines the state of biofertilizers in India now and their potential for the future, emphasizing how they might increase soil fertility, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and lessen the negative environmental effects of traditional farming methods. Key studies are synthesized to elucidate the mechanisms of action, benefits, challenges, and socio-economic impacts of biofertilizers. Despite the numerous advantages, the adoption of biofertilizers faces barriers including lack of awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and the need for quality assurance. This review also examines government policies and programs promoting biofertilizers, as well as advancements in technology and research that support their wider use. By integrating biofertilizers into sustainable farming systems, India can enhance agricultural productivity, ensure food security, and contribute to a more resilient and environmentally friendly agricultural sector.
Keywords: Biofertilizers, sustainable agriculture, soil health, crop productivity, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, environmental impact, greenhouse gas emissions, Indian agriculture, microbial inoculants.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Broccoli cultivation is highly popular in developed countries and has recently gained traction in Mizoram as a commercial crop due to its lucrative returns and rich nutritional and medicinal value. To promote sustainable cultivation practices, Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Aizawl, conducted Cluster Front Line Demonstrations (CFLDs) during the Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2020-21. These demonstrations focused on Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) using IIHR Vegetable Special in Broccoli variety CLX3512, combined with a gravity-based mini sprinkler irrigation system. The demonstrations covered a total area of 45 hectares involving 120 farmers. Results indicated a significant increase in curd yield, averaging 211.40 quintals per hectare (qt/ha), which was 37.3% higher than the 151.0 qt/ha achieved through traditional farming practices. The extension gap ranged from 39 to 76 qt/ha, while the technology gap was between 48 and 89 qt/ha. Notably, the technology index reduced from 31.79% to 17.14%, indicating an improvement in technology adoption efficiency, with a mean value of 24.50%. Economic analysis revealed that the CFLD plots yielded a higher average gross return of Rs. 6,80,400 per hectare and a mean net return of Rs. 5,58,875 per hectare. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) in the demonstration fields was an impressive 4.6 compared to 2.41 under farmers’ conventional practices. These findings underscore the potential to enhance both yield and profitability in broccoli cultivation through the adoption of recommended technologies. To ensure broader adoption, it is essential to disseminate these improved practices among farmers through targeted extension strategies such as hands-on training sessions and on-farm demonstrations.
Keywords: Broccoli, Integrated Nutrient Management, benefit-cost ratio.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Mr. J.C. Westoby came up with the term “social forestry”, which was first used at the 1968 World Forest Congress in New Delhi. However, the origins of traditional community forestry can be traced back to ancient India. Local communities have long been involved in forest management in India. Examples include the preservation of sacred groves (Dev van), the sacrifices made by the Bishnoi community to save khejri trees (Prosopis cineraria), and the establishment of Van Panchayats in Uttar Pradesh in 1931. Joint Forest Management (JFM) was established in the nation as a result of social forestry initiatives. Therefore, creating a roadmap for community-centric forestry entails imagining a time when sustainable livelihoods, climate resilience, biodiversity preservation, and community empowerment are given top priority in forest management. Community-centric forestry management has emerged as a critical strategy for balancing ecological sustainability with socio-economic development. This strategy supports a “forest future” that balances ecological stewardship with the social and economic requirements of nearby populations. The tapestry of community-centric forestry is woven with vibrant threads of success stories that showcase the transformative potential of local engagement in forest management. From the verdant hills of India to the lush landscapes of Indonesia, these tales of triumph underscore the tangible impact of placing communities at the forefront of environmental stewardship.
Keywords: Biodiversity; Community; Conservation; Forest; Livelihood.
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ABSTRACT
In an increasingly urbanized world, where concrete jungles dominate, the call for reconnecting with nature has never been more urgent. This paper explores the transformative shift from artificial to biophilic design paradigms in interior architecture, highlighting how the integration of natural elements can profoundly enhance human well-being and sustainability. While artificial design has long prioritized functionality, efficiency, and technological convenience, it has often overlooked the psychological and emotional needs of its occupants. In contrast, biophilic design rooted in the inherent human connection to nature incorporates elements such as plants, natural light, and water features to create environments that nurture both the mind and body. Drawing on global case studies from India, Turkey, China, and Dubai, this paper examines the widespread adoption of biophilic design, uncovering both its benefits and the challenges it faces in diverse cultural and climatic contexts. The study concludes by offering strategies to overcome barriers and pave the way for biophilic design to reshape the future of interior spaces, promoting a healthier, more sustainable world.
Keywords: Artificial Design, Biophilic Design, Interior Architecture, Natural Elements & Sustainability.
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ABSTRACT
A study was carried out on a total of eighty different types of wheat to explore the relationships between yield and its contributing traits. This research used a special design method called Augmented Block Design, along with four comparison checks. Various physical and physiological characteristics of the wheat were carefully observed and recorded. The results from the analysis of the collected data showed that the different treatments had a significant impact on all the observed traits. There was a wide range of variation among the different traits, and when the average values of the different types of wheat were compared, it became clear that there is a high level of diversity in traits such as the time it takes for the plant to flower by 50%, the size of the flag leaf, the amount of yield per plant, the time it takes for the plant to mature, the height of the plant, the number of shoots per plant, the protein content, and the harvest index. These variations could be very useful for breeding efforts aimed at improving the natural types of wheat. Moreover, a strong and positive relationship was found between the amount of grain produced per plant and important factors like the weight of the grains, the yield per plant, the harvest index, the time it takes for the plant to mature, the time it takes for the plant to flower by 50%, the number of shoots per plant, and the height of the plant. Path coefficient analysis also revealed that there is a highly positive connection between the amount of yield per plant and the harvest index with the amount of grain produced per plant. This information provides valuable insights into how these traits are interconnected and affect the overall grain production.
Keywords: Genetic variability, correlation coefficient, path analysis, yield components, wheat.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Agriculture serves as the backbone of global economies, directly or indirectly supporting billions of lives. Conventional farming methods face increasing pressure from climatic changes, resource depletion, and population growth. In India, approximately 160 million hectares are under cultivation, with two-thirds reliant on monsoons, underscoring the urgent need for improved water management systems. Advanced agri-bio innovations have emerged as critical solutions, with technologies such as the Pusa Decomposer Powder reducing stubble burning and enhancing soil fertility, and the Pusa Hydrogel improving water retention in arid regions. Biochar noted for its carbon sequestration potential and soil benefits, has demonstrated improvements in soil structure, water-holding capacity, and nutrient retention, offering sustainable options for addressing environmental concerns. India’s government initiatives, including the Soil Health Card Scheme and PM-KISAN, complement these advancements by providing resources and financial support to farmers. Globally, the agricultural biotechnology sector has expanded, particularly in genetically modified crops, with notable challenges such as environmental safety and food security. India has adopted agri-bio innovations like nano-urea, laser land leveling, and automated monitoring systems, which contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. The sector anticipates a 70% increase in food demand by 2050, driven by population growth from 7.3 billion today to 11 billion. By integrating innovations, such as genome editing and omics, alongside supportive policy frameworks, Indian agriculture can achieve substantial progress, addressing food security challenges while ensuring sustainability.
Keywords: Biochar, Climate resilience, Pusa Decomposer, Resource optimization, Soil fertility.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
The value of medicinal plants in habitual healthcare practices provides clues to latest areas of research and in biodiversity conservation is now glowing. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is deficient from interior areas of Himalaya. Keeping this in view the present study has been conducted to study the diversity, indigenous uses, threat categorization and conservation prioritization of medicinal plants in Banjar Valley of Kullu district in Himachal Pradesh, North Western Himalaya. A total of 357 species of medicinal plants belonging to 98 families and 237 genera were recorded and used by the inhabitants of the area. These medicinal plants comprise of 27 trees, 269 herbs, 54 shrubs, 02 climber and 05ferns. From the total, 193 medicinal plants were native, 03 endemic and 43 were near endemic. Highest medicinal plants were reported in the altitudinal zone, 2801-3600 and decreased with increasing or decreasing altitude in the study area. These species have been also analyze for their nativity, endemism and rarity, and are prioritized for cultivation. An area-specific threat categorization of species is very essential for squat or long term management planning. In present study such an effort in the study area, using information on different attributes was initiated. The presence of critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable medicinal plants indicates high anthropogenic stress on these species. The over-exploitation, habitat degradation and changing environmental conditions may lead to the extinction within a few years. Therefore, regular monitoring of population and habitats, development of conventional protocol, establishment of species in-situ conditions and associated habitats and replication of this approach in other parts of Indian Himalayan Region have been recommended.
Keywords: Indigenous uses, threat categorization, prioritization, Indian Himalayan Region (IHR).
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ABSTRACT
The paper deals with the additional record of Coelognathus helena helena, the Common Trinket Snake from Doon Valley, Dehra Dun, Uttarakhand (India), with its systematic account, distribution, habitat, food & feeding, breeding, behaviour, conservation status and other subspecies with their distribution.
Keywords: Additional record, Coelognathus helena helena, Dehra Dun.
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ABSTRACT
Organic farming is becoming more and more acknowledged as a sustainable farming method that may help India’s agricultural industry overcome its social, economic, and environmental problems. The function and effects of organic farming in advancing sustainability in the Indian setting are examined in this abstract. Smallholder farmers who use traditional farming methods make up the majority of India’s agricultural industry. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides and fertilisers has resulted in environmental contamination, biodiversity loss, and severe soil deterioration. A possible substitute that may improve soil health, preserve biodiversity, and lessen environmental impact is organic agriculture, which forgoes artificial inputs in favour of natural processes and materials. By using crop rotation, organic matter, and biological pest control techniques, organic agriculture may increase soil fertility, which is one of its main advantages. In addition to boosting the soil’s nutritional content and structure, these techniques also boost the soil’s ability to hold onto water, making it more resilient to floods and droughts. Furthermore, using crop types that are more suited to the local environment and may help preserve genetic variety is encouraged by organic farming. By lowering greenhouse gas emissions, organic farming also contributes significantly to climate change mitigation. A strong greenhouse gas called nitrous oxide is released as a result of conventional agricultural methods, especially the use of chemical fertilisers. Composting, green manuring, and decreased tillage, on the other hand, are organic agricultural techniques that assist reduce emissions and store carbon in the soil. From an economic standpoint, smallholder farmers may gain a lot from organic farming. Growing local and worldwide demand for organic goods gives farmers access to premium markets and raises the price at which they may sell their crops. Furthermore, by doing away with the need for pricey chemical pesticides and fertilisers, organic farming may lower input prices. For smallholder farmers, who often face financial obstacles, this economic sustainability is especially crucial. Socially, organic farming helps farmers and consumers have better health results. The avoidance of synthetic chemicals reduces the risk of exposure to harmful substances, leading to better health and safety for those working on farms. Consumers also benefit from access to healthier food products that are free from pesticide residues. Furthermore, organic farming fosters stronger community ties as it often involves collaborative efforts in managing resources and marketing produce.
Keywords: Organic agriculture, Sustainability, India, Soil health, Economic benefits.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
Biotechnology, precision agriculture, and sustainable practices have facilitated transformative advancements in agriculture, enhancing productivity while mitigating adverse environmental impacts. Since the 1990s, precision agriculture has transformed farming through the application of contemporary technology and data analysis to enhance crop yields, minimize waste, and increase productivity, significantly advancing the use of GPS, GIS, and yield monitors. The global precision farming market is now valued at USD 10.50 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.8% from 2024 to 2030. Biotechnology holds promise for sustainable agriculture; nevertheless, its application is constrained by safety apprehensions. Although biotechnology methods in pest control and the notable achievements of tissue culture during the second Green Revolution demonstrate the sector’s potential, their application remains limited. Agricultural biotechnology yields superior outcomes compared to conventional methods by maintaining soil stability and fertility, enhancing productivity, and offering resilience against extreme environmental stressors like drought and salinity, in addition to safeguarding against pests and diseases. Worldwide, innovations include genetically modified (GM) crops, CRISPR gene editing, precision agriculture technologies, biofortification and nutraceuticals, and laser land leveling are facilitating more sustainable and productive agricultural practices. This article examines the significance, usefulness, and future potential of agricultural biotechnology advancements, contrasting India’s contributions with global trends.
Keywords: Agri-bio innovations, biotechnology, drones, precision farming, sustainable agriculture